What is a mutation in genetic terms?

In genetic terms, a mutation refers to a change in the DNA sequence of a gene that can lead to alterations in its function or expression. This change can occur in various forms, such as a substitution, deletion, or insertion of nucleotides in the genetic code. These mutations contribute to genetic diversity, can influence traits in organisms, and may have varying effects ranging from beneficial to harmful, depending on the context in which they occur.

Understanding mutations is critical in the study of genetics, as they play a key role in evolution and the development of diseases. By affecting the way genes operate, mutations can lead to new phenotypic traits, which are essential for adaptation and natural selection.

The other options do not accurately represent the concept of mutation. For example, a temporary change in the environment does not directly alter genetic material. Likewise, mutations are a phenomenon that occurs across all genes, not limited to dominant ones, and they are not merely a breeding technique but rather a fundamental aspect of genetics that impacts heredity and variation.